Coffee tree nursery at the University of Mahajanga

Installation of Germination Beds at the Vololona Ranjamalala Educational Botanical Garden, University of Mahajanga

Following the collection of ripe fruits from the two sites, germination beds were installed at the Vololona Ranjamalala Educational Botanical Garden, located on the University of Mahajanga campus. The setup involved the use of various local materials, including round mangrove wood, bamboo, pine planks, nails, wire, and nets. A shade roof, made from garden weeds and supported by bamboo and nets, was constructed. Four germination plots were prepared, one of which, measuring 1 m × 4 m, can accommodate 450 polyester pots of 10 cm in diameter.

Preparation of the Germination Substrate

The germination substrate was prepared using a specific composition designed to optimize seed development conditions. A balanced mixture was created by combining defined proportions of potting soil, compost, and sand, ensuring adequate aeration and water retention. Sand, the dominant component, was carefully integrated into the substrate to enhance drainage and reduce the risk of waterlogging. Once the mixture was homogenized, it was distributed into suitable nursery pots, providing optimal conditions for seed germination and initial seedling growth.

To ensure meticulous monitoring of the seedlings, each pot was assigned a unique identification code, thereby facilitating the tracking of seedling development and the analysis of growth parameters.

Germination and Growth Process

After the installation of the four germination plots and the arrangement of the pots, viable fruits were selected according to population and species. Following depulping, the seeds were air-dried at room temperature, away from direct sunlight, then subjected to morphometric measurements and individual weighing. The seeds were placed in empty tea infusers, each linked to a unique code corresponding to that of the pots. To assess dormancy release, various pre-treatments were applied. The first sowing took place in January 2025.

Monitoring of germination and seedling development will involve a systematic evaluation of germination parameters and indicators of seedling vigor. These observations will allow for analysis of germination rates, seedling emergence speed, and initial growth. In addition, daily watering will be carried out to maintain optimal substrate moisture levels, thereby promoting uniform seedling development. Regular weeding will also be conducted to limit competition for resources, ensure a favorable growth environment, and reduce the risk of infestation by weeds that could affect the vitality of the young plants.